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G7 Idea of Capping Russian Oil Price Will Not Work for Lack of Authority on Market, Prof. Says_我的网站

A |       北京8月17日电 题：如何培育国家级零碳工厂、零碳算力设施  记者周圆  工业和信息化部日前印发《关于组织开展国家级零碳工厂建设工作的通知》，对国家级零碳工厂（含零碳算力设施）建设进行具体安排。    The G7 countries held a three-day summit from Sunday to Tuesday in the Bavarian Schloss Elmau. Apart from the member states, five countries — South Africa, Senegal, Indonesia, India and Argentina — were invited as guests. The G7 leaders issued a communique, saying the countries will consider introducing new restrictions on the transportation of Russian oil if Moscow does not agree to reduce oil prices.,"The oil market is a world market of 100 million barrels/day and this idea of capping oil prices for Russian crude would never work. It was not even attempted to cap oil prices in the 1970s at the time of the first oil shock," Furfari said, adding that OPEC is the only "authority" that could be able to influence prices of crude.,The expert went on to say that most of the oil-producing countries are already at their production ceiling anyway and they could not increase it to please the West. Even if European countries and the United States "ask nicely" OPEC to increase production to avoid an increase in oil prices it will not work as "OPEC+ remains deaf to the requests of the US and the Europeans.",US Fears Hike in Oil Prices if EU and UK Ban Insuring Tankers With Russian Oil, Reports Suggest16 June, 12:09 GMT,"The OPEC+ has some influence on the cost of crude oil on the market thanks to their quotas, but they will not come to an agreement with the G7 that would last very long if ever some members did reach such a limited agreement. Do you see Iran or Venezuela helping the US against Russia? Even the Emirates would refuse: they produce at their maximum already," Furfari explained.,He noted that while US President Joe Biden does not want to make Saudi Arabia a so-called "pariah state" anymore, the Saudis will not forget his election campaign pledge to treat them just so.,During the summit, French President Emmanuel Macron was caught on tape telling Biden that neither the United Arab Emirates nor Saudi Arabia could pump more oil to the global market to offset the shortfall in Russian exports.。  何为零碳工厂？清华大学碳中和研究院院长贺克斌介绍，零碳工厂不是绝对的“零”二氧化碳排放，而是通过技术创新、结构调整和管理优化等系统减排措施，充分挖掘减排潜力，在当前技术经济条件允许下，实现应减尽减并持续改进提升，保持工厂二氧化碳排放最低。  从五部门联合印发指导意见，引导工业企业试点建设零碳工厂，到“十五五”规划纲要提出“建设零碳工厂和园区”，再到《工业绿色低碳发展“十五五”规划》明确培育建设零碳工厂500个，今年以来，一系列政策接续落地，持续推动零碳工厂建设。  此次通知则标志着零碳工厂建设由顶层设计进入全面实施阶段。“通知按照分阶段梯度培育要求，选择具备一定建设基础、建设目标明确、实施路径清晰，并承诺在规定期限内完成建设目标的制造型企业、算力设施，择优纳入国家级零碳工厂建设名单，做好标杆引领。”工业和信息化部节能与综合利用司有关负责人说。  零碳工厂建成什么样？  通知设置了三项核心指标，即单位能耗碳排放、非化石能源消费占比、非化石能源电力消费物理认定量占比。“这些指标把国家级零碳工厂‘建成什么样’转化为可衡量、可评估、可验证的目标要求。

B | ”中国电子技术标准化研究院副院长陈大纪说。  陈大纪进一步解释说，单位能耗碳排放反映每消费一吨标准煤所对应的二氧化碳排放水平，不同行业可以选择不同建设路径，但最终都要体现为排放持续降低、逐步趋向于近零；非化石能源消费占比则引导企业加快用能结构绿色低碳转型；非化石能源电力消费物理认定量占比可以引导企业扩大非化石能源电力消费，提升非化石能源电力直接供给、就近利用和物理可溯源能力。

C |   此外，三项核心指标并不是零碳工厂建设的全部内容。能否成为国家级零碳工厂，还要综合评估建设成效、路径合理性、数据真实性、管理规范性、带动作用等因素。  零碳工厂应该怎么建？  通知以评估指标体系为牵引，从科学算碳、源头减碳、过程脱碳、协同降碳、智能控碳等多维度勾勒出实施路径。  协同降碳是零碳工厂建设的重要支撑。通知要求，说明开展重点产品碳足迹分析、推行零碳供应链管理等情况。  中国电子学会副秘书长曹学勤介绍，算力设施是当前我国能耗增长较快的领域之一，2025年我国算力设施用电量约占全社会用电量的1.6%。

D | “未来算力设施应围绕设备采购、工程建设、能源供应、运维服务和算力应用等重点环节，加强上下游协同，推动低碳设备选型、绿色电力使用、绿色运维管理等措施落地，形成有益的建设经验。”  智能控碳是建设零碳工厂的核心路径。通知提出，建设运营数字化能碳管理平台；采用人工智能、工业互联网、物联网、大数据、区块链、数字孪生等技术。  以汽车行业为例，工业和信息化部装备工业发展中心副主任刘法旺认为，企业应以零碳工厂建设为契机，系统推进能碳管理数字化能力建设，建立全厂统一的数据采集网络，实现能耗与碳排放数据自动归集、实时传输，推动能碳管理从“被动统计”向“主动管控、智能优化”升级。  如何确保建设质量？  “及时调整完善建设方案”“建立常态化跟踪机制”“及时掌握建设进展”……通知明确零碳工厂建设工作“重技术、重建设、重实效”，而非一次性评价认定。  据悉，工业和信息化部将不定期对建设单位开展抽查核验，并按照“成熟一批，验收一批”的原则组织验收，通过验收评估的，正式成为国家级零碳工厂。  业内人士表示，随着建设工作的深入推进，将逐步培育形成一批能源结构持续优化、排放水平稳步降低、过程脱碳措施扎实、数据管理规范、带动作用突出的国家级零碳工厂，为工业领域绿色低碳转型探索可复制、可推广的实践路径，为培育绿色低碳新质生产力提供有力支撑。

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